RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化 | ||
RHEL7 | RHEL6 | |
文件系统 | XFS | EXT4 |
内核版本 | 3.10.x-x系列 | 2.6.x-x系列 |
内核名称 | Maipo | Santiago |
发布时间 | 2014-06-09（3.10.0-123） | 2010-11-09（2.6.32-71） |
进程名称 | systemd | init |
运行级别 | runlevel0.target->poweroff.target runlevel1.target->rescue.target runlevel2.target->multi-user.target runlevel3.target->multi-user.target runlevel4.target->multi-user.target runlevel5.target->graphical.target runlevel6.target->reboot.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target | runlevel0 runlevel1 runlevel2 runlevel3 runlevel4 runlevel5 runlevel6 /etc/inittab |
主机名称 | /etc/hostname | /etc/sysconfig/network |
容量上限 | 500TB | 16TB |
内存上限 | 64TB | - |
CPU个数 | 5120个，SMP(Symmetric Multi-Processors)技术 | |
检查工具 | xfs.repair | e2fsck |
启动工具 | GRUB2 | GRUB0.97 |
服务启动 | Systemd | Upstart |
服务管理 | systemctl enable xxx.service systemctl start xxx.service systemctl stop xxx.service systemctl restart xxx.service 兼容chkconfig，service命令 | service enable xxx.service service stop xxx.service service start xxx.service chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on |
防火墙 | Firewalld兼容Iptables | Iptables |
网络绑定 | Team Driver | Bonding |
网络时间 | Chrony，ntpd | ntpd |
NFS版本 | NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客户端 | NFS4 |
集群管理工具 | Pacemaker | Rgmanager |
负载均衡工具 | Keepalived，HAProxy | Rgmanager |
桌面环境 | GNOME3,KDE4.10 | GNOME2 |
数据库 | MariaDB | MySQL |
RHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的变化 | ||
订阅信息 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
订阅信息工具 | subscription-manager identity | /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity |
配置订阅信息 | subscription-manager rhn_register | rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity |
基本配置 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
GUI配置工具 | gnome-control-center | system-config-* |
网络配置工具 | nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor | system-config-network |
语言配置工具 | localectl | system-config-language |
时间配置工具 | timedatectl date | system-config-date date |
时间同步 | ntpdate /etc/chrony.conf | ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf |
键盘配置 | localectl | system-config-keyboard |
服务管理 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
服务列表 | systemctl -at service ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.service | chkconfig ls /etc/init.d/ |
服务启动 | systemctl start name.service | service name start |
服务停止 | systemctl stop name.service | service name stop |
服务查看 | systemctl status name.service | service name status |
服务重启 | systemctl restart name.service | service name restart |
服务开机自启 | systemctl enable name.service | chkconfig name on |
服务开机不自启 | systemctl disable name.service | chkconfig name off |
添加服务 | systemctl daemon-reload | achkconfig --add |
服务列表查看 | systemctl -t service --state=active | service --status-all |
查看运行级别 | systemctl get-default | runlevel |
修改运行级别 | systemctl isolate name.target init runlevel | init runlevel |
日志文件 | /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal/ /etc/systemd/journald.conf | /etc/rsyslog.conf |
查看日志文件 | /var/log/ | /var/log/journalctl |
内核硬件 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
启动提示符 | append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline | append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline |
关闭系统 | systemctl shutdown | shutdown |
关闭电源 | systemctl poweroff | poweroff |
挂起系统 | systemctl halt | halt |
重启系统 | systemctl reboot | reboot |
修改运行级别 | systemctl set-default | /etc/inittab |
配置GRUB | /etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default | /boot/grub/grub.conf |
软件管理 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
安装软件包 | yum install yum group install | yum install yum groupinstall |
查看软件包 | yum info yum group info | yum info yum groupinfo |
文件系统 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
建立文件系统 | fdisk parted gdisk | fdisk parted |
LVM管理 | vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs | vgextend lvextend resize2fs |
网络接口配置 | RHEL7 | RHEL6 |
配置名称 | /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli conmod | /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf |
主机名称配置 | /etc/hostname hostnamectl nmcli | /etc/sysconfig/network |
Ip地址配置 | ip addr nmcli dev show teamdctl brctl bridge | ip add ifconfig brctl |
配置防火墙 | firewall-cmd firewall-config | iptables&ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall |
查看端口命令 | ss lsof | netstat ss lsof |